Crude to Consumer: Unraveling the Supply Chain in Oil and Gas - A Comprehensive Comparison

Abstract

The global oil and gas industry operates as a multifaceted and interconnected network, involving a range of processes, stakeholders, and technologies from crude oil extraction to final consumer delivery. This study provides an in-depth examination of the oil and gas supply chain systems, with a focus on comparing and analyzing their efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing focused group discussions (FGDs) and face-to-face interviews to gather data from key industry participants. Research questions, developed through thematic analysis, guided the data collection process, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of various supply chain aspects. The findings are drawn from case studies and empirical data sourced from major oil-producing nations and companies. This study identifies best practices, challenges, and opportunities within the industry, covering upstream activities (exploration and production), midstream processes (transportation and storage), and downstream operations (refining and distribution). The analysis reveals significant disparities and insights across different regions and segments of the supply chain, addressing factors such as geographical diversification, technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, environmental impacts, and socioeconomic considerations. The results underscore the importance of continuous adaptation and innovation in the oil and gas sector to address evolving challenges and ensure the efficient, sustainable, and reliable delivery of energy resources. This comprehensive examination contributes to a nuanced understanding of the industry’s dynamics and highlights the need for ongoing improvements to meet global energy demands effectively.